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[إيليا]

Water

Water is the most important liquid in the world. Without water, there would be no life, at least not the way we know it. This source of life makes up about three quarters of the human body. Water contains various minerals - some good for your health, others less so. Explore the different ingredients of bottled waters. Some 70% of the earth is covered with water. But nearly all is unavailable for human consumption without being processed first. The oceans make up for 97% and the polar ice shields hold another 2%. Only about 1% is soft water from lakes rives and underground sources, but even from that tiny amount an increasing part is unsafe for human consumption. Water is of major importance to all living things; in some organisms, up to 90 percent of their body weight comes from water. Up to 60 percent of the human body is water, the brain is composed of 70 percent water, and the lungs are nearly 90 percent water. About 83 percent of our blood is water, which helps digest our food, transport waste, and control body temperature. Each day humans must replace 2.4 liters of water, some through drinking and the rest taken by the body from the foods eaten. The unique qualities and properties of water are what make it so important and basic to life. The cells in our bodies are full of water. The excellent ability of water to dissolve so many substances allows our cells to use valuable nutrients, minerals, and chemicals in biological processes.
About 70 percent of the Earth's surface is water-covered. But water also exists in the air as water vapor and in the ground as soil moisture and in aquifers. Thanks to the water cycle our planet's water supply is constantly moving from one place to another and from one form to another. Things would get pretty stale without the water cycle! Even though you may only notice water on the Earth's surface, there is much more freshwater stored in the ground than there is in liquid form on the surface. In fact, some of the water you see flowing in rivers comes from seepage of ground water into river beds. Humans are happy this happens because people make use of both kinds of water. In the United States in 2000, we used about 323 billion gallons per day of surface water and about 84.5 billion gallons per day of ground water. Although surface water is used more to supply drinking water and to irrigate crops, ground water is vital in that it not only helps to keep rivers and lakes full, it also provides water for people in places where visible water is scarce, such as in the desert towns of the western United States.
Earth's water is always in movement, and the water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Since the water cycle is truly a "cycle," there is no beginning or end. Water can change states among liquid, vapor, and ice at various places in the water cycle, with these processes happening in the blink of an eye and over millions of years. Although the balance of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time, individual water molecules can come and go in a hurry. The water in the apple you ate yesterday may have fallen as rain half-way around the world last year or could have been used 100 million years ago by Dinosaur.


Total water use in the United States for 2000 was determined from estimates of water withdrawals for the eight categories of public supply, domestic, irrigation, livestock, and aquaculture, industrial, mining, and thermoelectric power. Total freshwater and saline-water withdrawals for 2000 were estimated to be 408,000 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), or 457,000 thousand acre-feet per year. Freshwater withdrawals were 85 percent of the total, and the remaining 15 percent was saline water. Estimates of withdrawals by source indicate that for 2000, total surface-water withdrawals were 323,000 Mgal/d, or 79 percent of the total withdrawals for all categories of use. About 81 percent of surface water withdrawn was freshwater. Total ground-water withdrawals were 84,600 Mgal/d, of which 99 percent was freshwater. Nearly all (98 percent) saline-water withdrawals were from surface water.

The top row of cylinders represents where America's water came from (source) in 2000, either from surface water or from ground water. You can see most of the water we use (262,000 million gallons per day (Mgal/d)) came from surface-water sources, such as rivers and lakes. We used about 83,400 Mgal/d of ground water (from wells). The pipes leading out of the blue and brown cylinders on the top row show where the water was sent after being withdrawn from a river, well, etc. For example, the blue pipe coming out of the surface-water cylinder and entering the Public supply grey cylinder shows that 27,300 Mgal/d of water was withdrawn from surface-water sources for public-supply uses. Likewise, the brown pipe shows that public-suppliers withdrew another 16,100 Mgal/d of water from ground-water sources. Each green cylinder represents a category of water use. The Industrial cylinder, for instance, shows how much water the United States used, each day, by industries. In 2000, about 18,500 Mgal/d of water was used for industrial purposes, with about 14,900 Mgal/d coming from surface water and about 3,570 Mgal/d coming from ground water. So, now you maybe see how the two "Source" cylinders on the top row show how much water was withdrawn from the environment, and, for each water-use category (the green cylinders), the water arrives via the pipes

[إيليا]

Keep Clicking to Get Fit

Maybe you're looking at your sedentary lifestyle the wrong way.

All of the time in front of a computer, like right now, doesn't have
to work against your fitness regime.

According to a new study, all of the motivation you need is right at
your fingertips.

Web-based intervention programs are just as effective as more
traditional print-based programs in changing the habits of sedentary
adults, a new study published in Monday's issue of the Archives of
Internal Medicine found.

A team of researchers studied 249 healthy, sedentary (less than 90
minutes of physical activity per week) adults. Participants were
divided into three different programs: tailored Internet, standard
Internet and tailored print.

The tailored print and Internet groups had exactly the same features,
including personalized feedback that the standardized group did not
have. The researchers wanted to be sure the tailored groups had
exactly the same features in order to test the method of delivery.

This meant that there were a lot of features that were left out of
the Internet group, such as chat rooms and blogs, because there was
no way to replicate those in a print format.

The standard Internet group, however, accessed what the researchers
felt were the six best physical activity sites available to the
public. Marcus said the American Heart Association' s "Just Move" was
the most popular website.

The other five included Shape Up America, the Mayo Clinic Fitness and
Sports Medicine Center, American Academy of Family Physicians,
American Council on Exercise, and American College of Sports Medicine
Health and Fitness Information.

All three groups kept logs of their activities and filled out monthly
questionnaires.

The tailored Internet group posted the biggest gains in physical
activity after six months, averaging 120 minutes per week. The
tailored print group was not far behind with 112.5 minutes per week,
and the standard Internet group reported 90 minutes.

The difference was not as notable after 12 months, with the groups
reporting 90, 90 and 80 respectively.

The three programs only focused on increasing physical activity, and
did not take eating habits into account. Marcus said many of the
people in the program reported zero activity at the beginning of the
program, making the gains by all groups even more impressive.

The researchers were surprised that the tailored Internet group did
not have stronger gains over the standardized Internet group. They
suspect that the reason may be that while they offered more
personalized feedback to the tailored group, Marcus said it did not
have the "bells and whistles" usually associated with Internet
fitness and weight-loss programs.

This study shows that the Internet is a more cost-effective way to
reach the 55 percent of Americans who do not meet the Surgeon
General's minimum requirement of 150 minutes a week of moderate-
intensity physical exercise.

And since motivation is key, the Internet offers a 24-hour
smorgasbord of options to keep people clicking for more.

If you're the sort of person who occasionally ventures off your couch
to get moving, you may have the smoothest transition into an active
lifestyle. Marcus said for the people in the study who were already
doing something - as long as it is in at least 10 minute intervals -
had the easiest time getting into a regular routine of exercise.

The key to get moving out of your office chair or recliner, Marcus
said, is to take baby steps instead of walking lunges. She
recommended that with low expectations, it is much easier to exceed
those goals.

Starting small is even easier than you think, according to Marcus. If
you're heading out to lunch or dinner, because all this thinking
about activity has you famished, try walking to your dining spot,
carry your lunch to a park, or at least park your car a short walk
away from the restaurant.

[إيليا]

12Rules for Marriage

My sister asked me, as part of her wedding ceremony, to Say Something
About Marriage. I've been married for over two years, so obviously I
have way too much insight on this issue than could reasonably be fit
into the middle of an otherwise fairly compact service, but with some
effort, and some help from my wife Bethany, I got the list down to
twelve potentially useful pieces of advice. These probably aren't the
most useful twelve pieces of advice, but I think they're better than
nothing. As delivered at the wedding last weekend:

1. Your world is getting bigger today, not smaller! More history,
more friends, more possibilities. Marriage is not the end of the
search, it's the beginning of all the searches that are more fun to
do together.

2. Be the guardians of each other's solitudes. Not only do you need
to give each other space, you need to make each other space.

3. No difficult conversations after 10pm. Not only is it harder to
solve problems when you're tired, but at least half the time being
tired is the problem.

4. The Dutch principle of Total Soccer means that any player can
attack when there is an opportunity, and any player can defend when
there is a need. In Total Marriage you only have two players, so this
is even more important. Both of you should be able to do everything
your team needs. You'll have your preferences and strengths and
habits, but if one of you goes down, the other one has to be able to
cover.

5. Wedding rings don't really come with magic powers. You will learn
how to take care of each other one insight at a time. And even when
you're not sure how, show up and you'll think of something.

6. Headphones; separate closets.

7. If you aren't already the world's leading experts on each other,
you will be soon. It is thus your responsibility to be not only the
world's biggest fans of each other's best qualities, but also the
world's staunchest fans of each other's weaknesses and flaws.

8. Get pets. By far the easiest way to remember that you have to feed
your shared life together is if part of it comes and stomps on you
every morning.

9. No ultimatums. Ever.

10. Travel. Surprise and challenge yourselves. It's easier to have a
world together if you have a world to compare it to, and part of the
fun of getting to know each other is putting yourselves, together, in
positions where neither of you know what you're going to do
yourself.

11. Committing yourselves to one another is one of the most mature,
responsible, focused decisions you can make. Balance it out by being
immature, irresponsible and playful together as often as possible.

12. When people, especially your relatives, offer you long lists of
marriage advice, just smile politely and nod until they finally shut
up.

[إيليا]

Women Driving in Saudi Arabia? Why Not?

Readers who do not know Saudi Arabia well couldn't understand or
appreciate the reasoning against women driving. Saudis and residents
who are familiar with the issue cite logistical and practical
problems and concerns. No one claims the ban is Islamic. In
Prophet's (peace be upon him) time, women rode their horses and
camels. In other Islamic countries, women didn't have to compromise
their modest dress code to drive. And they drive as well as men, if
not better and safer.

Many readers fear that men, especially the young, will harass or
chase female drivers.

This is blaming the victim. If men are the guilty party, then let's
ban them.

Some suspect that if we allow women driving, it will make it much
easier for dating. They say it is bad as it is. Girls pretending to
be out for school and social events go for dates! Give them cars and
see what happens!

I say if they decide to date they will find a way. If you don't
trust your kids, boys or girls, don't give them cars. But if you
brought them up well, trust them. Besides, why do we assume girls
would be less observant and conservative than boys? If both are as
much suspect, then nobody should be allowed to drive. What
difference does it make who sits on the driving seat?

Other arguments focus on practicalities, like traffic jams,
accidents, car breakdowns, driving in remote areas, etc.

I say, we should plan and prepare. We could go gradually, allowing
women over thirty to drive first, and then schedule other age
groups. If they get in trouble they could use their cell phones.
Mobile car service operators would help in case of breakdowns. We
must take extra security measures and harsher punishment for
harassers, like publishing offenders' names and photos in the
papers. They did that in Dubai and it worked.

We have to start by educating the public with media campaigns and
encourage preachers, teachers and parents to contribute and
participate. Solutions are there if we just look for them. As the
Americans say, if there is a will, there is a way.

I like the following e-mail message I received from a Western
teacher in a girls school. It very much sums up the problem from
women's perspective. It says:

I am a female teacher here in the Kingdom and I teach Saudi girls
English. I was pleasantly surprised at the caliber of females I have
come in contact with. I listen to their frustrations on a daily
basis of the restrictions (mainly of not being able to drive) placed
on them. The majority are perfectly capable human beings who just
need their country to stop underestimating them and their abilities
and the possibilities are limitless to what they will be able to
offer this society.

Of course I can also understand the hesitation in allowing women to
drive but I would place the fault of this completely on the men of
this country. I could just imagine a car full of teenage Saudi boys
hitting a woman's car just for flirting purposes and this would make
me personally more apprehensive about driving in this country. The
problems are structural and deep-rooted. You can't just lift the
ban, but on the other hand, the longer you wait the harder it will
get to change it.

A suggestion would be to fill the streets with competent, well-
trained and prepared police, and have them clean up the act on the
streets here. Maybe after a few months of over ticketing and tight
restrictions you may have a situation where women will feel
comfortable driving. You will also have to have driving schools for
women and then, maybe, the country can conceptualize driving for
women.

Another thing that needs to change is the attitude some men have
toward women in this country. If the laws are there to make women
feel more comfortable when in public then they are retroactive.

This can only change when men begin to see women as having a more
independent role in society, for example, by driving. But women
can't drive until this attitude is curbed. What comes first, the
chicken or the egg? It's quite the dilemma. All I can say is the
situation needs to change so better to start now and deal with the
problems head on, rather than just watch things become more
difficult to unravel. Bite the bullet, as we would say.

[إيليا]

Why Is It A Good Idea To Study Abroad?

Besides the excitement of travel, one reason to study abroad is that
you will experience new customs, holidays, foods, art, music, and
politics firsthand.
"Obviously, I learned the language and am now fluent, but perhaps
more importantly was how much I learned about cultures, people, and
myself. I learned this from the viewpoint of an active member of the
community and my [host] family, not from the tourist's point of
view," says Andrew, who studied in Poitiers, France.
Another reason for studying abroad is that you'll gain self-
confidence. Christina studied in Caracas, Venezuela, a city of 10
million people and a huge change from her hometown of 35,000!
Christina says she learned how to better stand up for herself and
her beliefs and to express herself in another language. What could
make you more confident than that?
Living away from home can also help you adjust in the transition to
college and adulthood. Matthew says he returned from studying in
Australia with confidence, social savvy, and a genuine interest in
international affairs that really set him apart from his
peers. "After having gone abroad in high school, I found the
transition to college to be a breeze - moving 560 miles from home
didn't seem particularly daunting after having lived thousands of
miles away."
And speaking of college, improving your language skills might help
you get into choice colleges and even land future jobs. Colleges and
employers know that studying abroad provides leadership skills in a
world that is increasingly globally interconnected.
Most of all, it's fun! You're not likely to suffer from sophomore
slump or general boredom while you're studying in a different
learning environment

[إيليا]

Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery is also often called cosmetic surgery and has become
a widespread method to reshape the body and to help to improve the
appearance, it includes absolutely different operations starting
with abdominoplasty and ending with eyes surgery and face lifting.
Besides plastic surgery deals even more vitally important spheres,
like for example repair damages caused by some accidents or
injuries. It is well promoted and rather expensive but still
carriers certain risks, like any other type of operation. For
example, patients, who decide to make some dental operations, are
put at great risks. People who go through a number of plastic
operations are often still not satisfied with the result and start
doing other procedures, which is of course not the best way to
influence the state of the body: many people, who are overweight
turn to special operations, but after the fat is gone they face the
problem of lots of hanging skin.
Besides most people who have done it once, will return to these
operations again and again, even with the same problem, as they feel
constantly not satisfied with the result and are ready to give huge
sums of money, which they by the way could have used for some better
needs, like really supporting their health. "Plastic surgery junkies
need to think about why they keep wanting more work done. Obviously
it's much easier to change your outlook on life than it is to change
your external look…" (Rosen Christine, The Democratization of
Beauty, 2004, p.2). So this constant seeking for perfection can be
considered more of a psychological problem than real problems with
appearance. To avoid such result of plastic operations, the doctors
are to provide sufficient amount of explanation for the potential
patient concerning the results and reasons of this operation. Some
may need just a psychological help instead of this operation. And
this is of course a task of the society to work out the "rules" for
dealing the people, who want to make plastic surgery and do the best
to defend the clients of the plastic surgery clinics.
All these is a good basis for the surgeons to build their businesses
upon, they can use the week sides of a person, as almost every
person feels not absolutely sure about his/her appearance and would
love to look better, and earn good money. People are surrounded by
advertisements of "absolutely safe" and prestigious methods of
changing the appearance. As any other branch of medicine, plastic
surgery can have its field for development and application, but
there are still certain rules or restrictions to be made about it.
From the very beginning there should be a strict division between
cases of application of plastic surgery, a person who was burnt or
injured as a result of some accident or war or any other conflict
has to make such kind of operation under the circumstances, even he
doesn't want to, and a person, who watches too much television and
wants to get the same face Britney Spears or Tom Cruise have,
chooses to make this operation on his own free will. It is
absolutely not right to make these two people pay the same price for
the plastic operation.

[إيليا]

The Power of God

All power of decision belongs to God before and after. And on that
day the believers will rejoice in God's support. He grants support
to whomever He wills. He alone is Almighty, Merciful. This is God's
promise. Never does God fail to fulfil His promise; but most people
do not know it. They only know the outer surface of this world's
life, whereas of the hereafter they remain unaware. All power of
decision belongs to God before and after. And on that day the
believers will rejoice in God's support. God's promise was certainly
fulfilled as stated, and the believers rejoiced at the victory
granted by God. He grants support to whomever He wills. He alone is
Almighty, Merciful. Thus the decision is His while His support is
granted to whom He chooses. Nothing opposes His will. Indeed His
will, which determines the results, is the same as the will that
brings about the elements and the causes that leads to these
results. Thus, there is no conflict between the desired results and
the prevailing circumstances. The laws that operate the whole
universe are devised by the same free will. It is this will that has
determined that there should be laws of nature that operate without
fail, and systems to ensure stability. Both victory and defeat are
the results of certain factors that work in accordance with the laws
set in operation. The Islamic faith is very clear and logical. While
it makes clear that all power of decision rests with God, it does
not exempt people from taking the measures that are normally
necessary to bring about practical results. Whether these results
take effect is not part of people's responsibility, because it
ultimately belongs to God's overall design. A Bedouin left his she-
camel untied and went into the mosque to pray. As he entered, he
said: "I fully rely on God." The Prophet said to him: "Tie your she-
camel and then rely on God." (Related by Al-Tirmidhi. ) Thus, Islam
makes true reliance on God conditional on taking all the necessary
measures in any particular situation, knowing that ultimately all
decisions are left to Him. He grants support to whomever He wills.
He alone is Almighty, Merciful. Victory is thus the result of the
power that makes it a reality and the mercy that fulfils what is in
the best interests of people. In this way, such a victory is an
aspect of mercy for both the victors and the vanquished. God says in
the Qur'an: "Had it not been for the fact that God repels one group
of people by another, the earth would have been utterly corrupted."
(2: 251) That the earth should remain free of corruption is
ultimately good for all, including those who are defeated. This is
God's promise. Never does God fail to fulfil His promise; but most
people do not know it. They only know the outer surface of this
world's life, whereas of the hereafter they remain unaware." Such
victory has been promised by God, which means that it will certainly
come about in real life. For, "never does God fail to fulfil His
promise." The facts of the matter are that His promise issues from
His free will and absolute wisdom; He is able to fulfil it, as no
power can repel His judgment. Indeed, nothing takes place in the
universe except as he wills. Thus, the fulfilment of God's promise
is part of the overall universal law that is subject to no
alteration. Yet, "most people do not know it," even though they may
appear to be great scientists who have a firm grasp and wide scope
of knowledge. The fact is that their knowledge is superficial,
related to what is apparent in life. It does not extend to basic
laws and rules, and cannot comprehend their interrelations: "They
only know the outer surface of this world's life. They cannot
penetrate any deeper than this outer surface or fathom what lies
beyond it. This outer surface of the present life is very limited,
even though it may appear to us to be wide and vast. Only a small
part of it occupies all their efforts. They cannot learn all that is
related to that small part even when they devote their entire lives
to it. Still, this world's life is only a small part of the great
universe that is run in accordance with laws and rules operating
throughout it all. A person who cannot relate to the depths of the
universe and its operative laws will inevitably fail to see even
though he looks. He will only see the outer shape and movement, but
will fail to recognize the wisdom behind it or interact with it.
Most people fall into this category, because it is only true faith
that links what appears on life's surface with universal secrets. It
is only that which gives knowledge its spirit that can look into
these secrets. Believers who have such true faith are few among the
world's population. Hence, the great majority of people are
incapable of acquiring true knowledge. Whereas of the hereafter they
remain unaware." The hereafter is another stage in the chain of
creation; it is one of the many pages of the universe. People who do
not understand the wisdom of creation or the law governing the
universe remain unaware of the life to come, unable to give it its
true measure and value. They do not realize that it is a part of the
way of the universe and, as such, will never fail. To be unaware of
the hereafter makes all measures such people use inaccurate, and
their values suspect. They cannot correctly appreciate life's events
and values. Their knowledge of life remains superficial, incomplete.
When anyone takes the hereafter and its life into account, his
perspective and the way he looks at all events in this life changes.
He realizes that his life on earth is but a short stage in his
journey through the universe, and his lot in this present life is
but a small portion of his share in the universe. He feels that all
events that take place on earth are no more than a brief act in a
long play on the universal stage. To base one's judgment on a short
stage, a small portion or a brief act is unwise and can only lead to
error. The person who believes in the life to come and takes it into
account will not be able to see eye to eye on anything with someone
whose cares and interests are only for this present life, so much so
that they will not be able to agree in judging a single event or
question. They have two different viewpoints and perspectives; they
look at things in different lights. One of them sees only the outer
surface of this present life and the other looks at the bonds, laws
and rules that are behind things, taking into account not only what
we see in our world, but what lies beyond our perception, life and
death, the present life and the life to come, and the universe
stretching into the limitless. It is to such a great horizon that
Islam wants humanity to look up. It is this broad perspective that
befits man, the creature God has honoured when He placed him in
charge of the earth

[إيليا]

A Visit to Italy

The capital city of Italy is a very extraordinary place to visit. The population of Rome is well over two-million. The people there are very friendly and are extremely proud of their country. Rome is a beautiful bustling city that has a moderate cli mate. The temperature usually stays around eighty degrees. The main way of transportation is by bus.

The side walk cafes are very popular in Rome. The cafes were always populated with happy Italians and a few curious tourists. The most preferred cafe was the Cafe S. Petro. this cafe was in perfect walking distance from the Vatican city. The Vatica n city is were the pope lives. The main meals served at the cafes varied from pizza to tortillini. The pizzas were not exactly like Pizza Hut's pizza. They were crispy thin with very few toppings available. Most pizzas came with cheese, pepperoni and a watery tomato sauce. The tortillini had soft, medium-length, hollow noodles with more watery tomato sauce. Another favorite at the cafe was the lasagna which was unbelievably delicious. After having tasted the pizzas and the tortillini, I was not exp ecting the lasagna to be so tasty. The lasagna was packed full of hot meat, zesty cheese, and a tangy tomato sauce. It was not out of the ordinary to see Italians, instead of eating at the cafe, talking with their friends and sipping on hot cappucino.

The streets in Rome were always swamped with motor scooters, three-wheeled cars, and buses. Although, the main way of transportation are buses, Italians also scooted around on their motor scooters. The scooters were more convenient because the scoote rs could easily slip through traffic jams. The parking was very hazardous for people because some cars would be blocked in by a small car that was parked vertical between two horizontally parked cars. Car accidents were very common in Rome. When two pe ople had a car accident, they would just wave or yell at each other and drive hurriedly away. The police were not notified and there was no question of who would pay for the damages.

The worst part about Rome were the buses. These buses were jammed tight with people who were sweaty and excessively vulgar. The buses were small in size, the color was a dull blue, and they contained only a few seats that were rarely available. The men on these buses were extremely vulgar in their actions. Because we had to stand so close, the men had chances to pick my pockets or place their hands on my bottom. Once this incident happened, I had to practically shove them off. This did not bother them, they would just move on to the next woman.

Over all, Rome is an exciting place to visit because it has so many attractions to offer. This trip will always be special to me because I got to see a different culture and had many entertaining experiences. I would advise anyone who was going to ta ke a trip to go to Italy because it is surely an amazing place to visit.